This is a preliminary draft of a bibliography writings and other materials associated with the operations of PT. Freeport Indonesia, which operates in the Province of Irian Jaya, Indonesia. The bibliography is still very much in progress and will be updated and revised over the next few years. It has been developed initially as a personal research tool and thus betrays a number of idiosyncracies in terms of its scope, range of sources and format:
The bibliography is limited to the operations of PT. Freeport Indonesia, which currently consist of mining and exploration activities in the province of Irian Jaya (by both Freeport and its wholly owned subsidiary, PT. Eastern Irja Minerals), and the construction of a smelter facility at Greik in Java (PT. Smelting Company). Separate bibliographies (not included here) cover the two communities indigenous to Freeport’s original “Contract of Work A” area, the highland Amungme (pdf 135k) and lowland Kamoro (pdf 154k).
A number of topics are either only cursorily addressed or specifically excluded in this bibliography. No attempt has been made to cover the geological literature in any exhaustive way - for the large part, geological items are included only where they are of a general or review nature. There is also little coverage of the service industries relating to the mineral resource sector, such as construction, catering and other support businesses. Finally, private documents and those that are restricted to internal circulation within governments, companies or other agencies, are not included in this bibliography, unless they have been deposited in the public domain (e.g. in a public library or on a website).
The range of sources used thus far is largely a reflection of what I have been able to lay my hands (or eyes) upon, while based largely in Canberra. There are thus a disproportionate number of items from Australian sources (rather than Indonesian, American or European for example), though this emphasis does also reflect the actual distribution of relevant material. The significant absence of Indonesian material is something that I hope to remedy over time as my knowledge of Indonesian sources improves.
Sources consulted include monographs, journals, magazines and daily newspapers, film, video, television and radio. The full range of the political spectrum is addressed, ranging from literature produced by the mineral resource industry through to church, NGO and other activist sources - I leave it to users of this bibliography to decide what weight or credibility they might wish to accord to these different sources.
The time frame covered by the bibliography starts essentially with the discovery of the Ertsberg ore body by geologist Jean-Jacques Dozy in 1936. The coverage is intended to become increasingly exhaustive, within the scope outlined above, up towards the present. My aim, ultimately, is to attempt a thorough coverage of newspaper and other sources from at least 1988 (the year of the Grasberg discovery) to the present, extending over much of the current minerals boom in the region.
Author's names are given in full (where the full name is known), whether or not the full name is given in the particular item listed. Articles contained in monographs listed elsewhere in the bibliography refer only to the name(s) of the editor(s) and, where necessary, the date of publication of the monograph - full details for the monograph are listed under the editor(s) name(s). Bold square brackets ([ ]) at the end of item references contain comments on the availability of the item ([nh ANU] = not held at the Australian National University). Ordinary square brackets at the end of item references contain keywords used in cross-reference and in the compilation of project- or topic-specific bibliographies. Where possible, I have attempted to sight all of the items listed in this bibliography. Those items that I have not sighted, and which I cannot thus confirm as definitely within the stated scope of the bibliography or correct in all their details, are prefixed with an asterisk (*). Asterisks within an item reference identify missing information (such as page numbers, places and dates of publication, or author initials).
The conventions and the abbreviations used for institutions and for journal sources are listed below.
Finally, comment on any aspect of this bibliography is welcome, as is notice of any significant omission. Please contact me at:
Division of Pacific and Asian History
Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies
Australian National University
Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
(tel) 61-2-6125-0305
(fax) 61-2-6125-5525
(e-mail) chris.ballard@anu.edu.au
* = not seen [] = comment, location, source
Acton, L.C. and W.N.Key 1981. 'Production begins at Ertsberg East copper mine.' Mining Engineering July 1981, 33(7):787-796.
Adams, B.W. 1973. 'The Ertsberg project.' Mining Magazine 129(10):310-323.
Aditjondro, George J. 1982. 'Dapatkah Soroako dan Tembagapura menjadi pusat perkembangan daerah?' Prisma August 1982, 11(8):47-64.
Aditjondro, George J. 1985. 'Air bersih untuk Akimuga.' Kabar Dari Kampung Oktober 1985, 3(17):20.
Aditjondro, George J. 1988. ‘The longest sewerage in the world: the Aijkwa river and the legacy of an American mining company in a Third World country.’ Ithaca, 15 December 1988. Ts, 14pp.
*Aditjondro, George J. 1989. Article on Freeport Copper Mine. World Rivers Review January/February 1989. [nh NL, nh ANU] [ = publication of 1988 paper?]
*Aditjondro, George J. 1989. 'Copper mining may disrupt ecology and communities.' Impact (Manila) August 1989, pp.9-10. [nh ANU - try NL]
Aditjondro, George J. 1990b. 'The polluted Ajikwa River: legacy of multinational mining.' Inside Indonesia 25:21-22.
Aditjondro, George J. 1995. 'Korban-korban suku Amungme & Dani tahun 1977.' Internet communication, 31 October 1995.
The Age 1995. 'Military denies kill claim.' The Age (Melbourne), 20 August 1995, p.13. [Timika]
The Age 1995. 'Neighbourhood violence.' The Age (Melbourne), 4 September 1995, p.13. [Timika]
The Age 1996. 'Strictly private - ghost of Bougainville - RTZ-CRA.' The Age (Melbourne), 13 March 1996.
Aglionby, John 1996. 'Investors ignore abuses and dive into Indonesia.' The Guardian (UK) 14 May 1996, p.17. [RTZ]
Ali, Muklis 1991. 'Jakarta expects new Freeport contract by mid-year.' Reuters news brief, 25 April 1991.
Ali, Muklis 1993. 'Freeport plans gold, copper boost in Irian Jaya.' Reuters news brief, 13 September 1993.
Ali, Muklis 1996. 'U.S. miner to meet Indonesians over grouses.' Reuters news brief, 12 April 1996.
Allen, John M., Gary J.Artmont and Ken Palmer 1995. 'Application of alluvial gold mineralogy to exploration of the Central Ranges, Irian Jaya, Indonesia.' In J.L.Mauk and J.D.St George (eds.) Pacrim Congress 1995, Auckland, New Zealand, 19-22 November 1995: proceedings of the 1995 PACRIM Congress. Melbourne: AIMM, pp.7-12.
Almazan, Alec 1994. 'Indon copper mine company charters Danish cargo ship.' Business Times (Singapore), Reuters news brief, 15 June 1994.
American Metal Market 1996. 'Freeport Indonesia: Indonesian government to review Freeport audit.' American Metal Market, 16 April 1996. Reuters news brief, 30 April 1996.
Amnesty International 1995. Irian Jaya: National Commission on Human Rights confirms violations. ASA 21/47/95, September 1995. 13pp. London: Amnesty International.
Amnesty International 1996. Full justice? Military trials in Irian Jaya. ASA 21/17/96, March 1996. 6pp.. London: Amnesty International.
Anon. 1996. 'The defenseless people of Timika and Tembagapura, Irian Jaya "under attack" from thousands of Indonesian troops.' Translation from Indonesian original, reg.westpapua, 11 April 1996.
Anon. n.d.(1996). 'Copper mining in West Papua.' Case study available at <http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/TED/IRIAN.HTM>.
Antara 1995. 'Timika jadi pilot proyek pembangunan terpadu di Irja.' Antara News Wire Services, 18 December 1995, pp.C9-C10. ("Timika proud to be a pilot project of integrated development in Irian Jaya")
Anti-Slavery Society 1990. West Papua: plunder in paradise. Indigenous Peoples and Development Series Report No.6. London: Anti-Slavery Society. [pp.72-74]
Arasu, K.T. 1994. 'Two groups vie for Indonesian copper project.' Reuters news brief, 15 July 1994.
Arasu, K.T. 1995. 'Freeport Indonesia to complete sales this year.' Reuters news brief, 1 March 1995.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesia copper town calm but tense after riots.' Reuters news brief, 11 March 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Irian riots not seen undermining investments.' Reuters news brief, 12 March 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Irian violence highlights resentment, aspirations.' Reuters news brief, 13 March 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Freeport says to stay in Indonesia despite riots.' Reuters news brief, 9 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesian army officer kills 15 in shooting spree.' Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Distraught Indonesian soldier kills 14 in Irian.' Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesia army lowers toll to 14 in Irian shooting.' Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Sixteen said killed in Irian airport shootings.' Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesian soldiers given full military burial.' Reuters news brief, 16 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesia probes killing of 15 in Irian shooting.' Reuters news brief, 16 April 1996.
Arasu, K.T. 1996. 'Indonesian council sparks hope for Irian stability.' Reuters news brief, 14 June 1996.
Ashworth, Jon 1996. 'Mining chief with a mountain to climb - profile - a working week for Robert Wilson.' The Times (UK), 23 March 1996.
Asian Journal of Mining 1995. ‘The conquest of copper mountain.’ Asian Journal of Mining March/April 1995, Indonesia Supplement, pp.35-38.
*Asian Journal of Mining 1996? ‘Freeport Indonesia: expansion at Asia’s greatest mine.’ Asian Journal of Mining July/August 1996???
Asian Wall Street Journal 1991. 'Freeport Indonesia awarded 50 year mining licence for Irian Jaya development.' Asian Wall Street Journal 21 June 1991. Reuters news brief.
Asiaweek 1993. ‘The find that paid off big.’ Asiaweek 27 January 1993, 19(4):49. [Grasberg]
Asiaweek 1995. 'Human rights watchdog: shedding light on a military atrocity in Irian Jaya.' Asiaweek 29 September 1995, 21(39):43. [Hoea]
Austin, Roger n.d. ‘Mining and community development.’ Unpublished conference paper, 10pp. [Paper by Freeport staff]
Austin American Chronicle 1995. 'Freeport time line.' Austin American Chronicle 10 November 1995, pp.18,22,24-27.
Austin Chronicle 1996. 'Freeport sued for $6 billion.' Austin Chronicle 3-9 May 1996. [Beanal]
The Australian 1995. 'Irian Jaya rights enquiry.' A 30 August 1995, p.13.
The Australian 1996. 'Freeport mines reopen after riots.' A 15 March 1996, p.7.
The Australian 1996. 'Freeport mine in Irian Jaya reopens.' A 15 March 1996, p.25.
Australian Council for Overseas Aid 1995. Trouble at Freeport: eyewitness accounts of West Papuan resistance to the Freeport-McMoRan mine in Irian Jaya, Indonesia and Indonesian military repression, June 1994 - Feburary 1995. Edited by Pat Walsh. 11pp. Melbourne: ACFOA. 5 April 1995.
Australian Council for Overseas Aid 1995. 'New report alleges human rights abuses in Freeport mine area of Irian Jaya.' Press release 3/95, ACFOA, 5 April 1995.
Australian Council for Overseas Aid 1995. 'More human rights abuse in Freeport mine area of Irian Jaya.' Press release 11/95, ACFOA, 29 August 1995.
Australian Council for Overseas Aid 1996. 'Foreign Minister urged to raise Irian Jaya concerns.' Press release, ACFOA, 15 April 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) response to erroneus news wire reports.' Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 3 July 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) quarterly cash dividends declared.' Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 4 July 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) response to press release re Kwamki Lama.' Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 22 July 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) reports second quarter and six months 1996 results.' Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 23 July 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) elects new board member.' Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 6 August 1996.
Australian Stock Exchange Feed 1996. 'Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. (FCX.AX) form 8-K: Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold initiates delineation drilling of the Kucing Liar prospect, updates exploration activities.' Jones, Walker, Waechter, Poitevent Carrere and Denegre form 8-K dated 30 September 1996, enclosing PTFI Press Release dated 18 September 1996. Australian Stock Exchange Feed, 6 October 1996.
Australian West Papua Association 1995. West Papua Information Kit. Sydney: Australian West Papua Association. [pp.17-18]
*Baker, M. 1978a. 'War in the jungle.' The Age 26 April 1978, p.1.
*Baker, M. 1978b. 'The jungle war for a free West Papua.' The Age 27 April 1978, p.9.
BAPPEDA Propinsi Irian Jaya and PT Freeport Indonesia 199*. Rencana Detail tata Ruang Daerah Aliran Sungai Komoro, Aykwa, Minajerwi dan Mawati (RDTR).
Barker, Geoffrey 1995. 'Indonesian Army "kills 37" in protest over Irian Jaya mine.' AFR 6 April 1995, p.10.
Barker, Geoffrey 1995. 'Indonesia admits casualties.' AFR 11 April 1995, p.6.
*Barker, Geofrrey 1995. 'Habibie defends human rights record.' AFR 31 May 1995.
Barker, Geoffrey 1995. 'Business as usual after massacre.' AFR 8 September 1995, p.19.
Barker, Geoffrey 1995. 'Keating and Downer clash over Irian rights.' AFR 1 September 1995.
Barker, Geoffrey 1996. 'Freeport calls for NGO help.' AFR 25 April 1996.
Barker, Geoffrey and Greg Earl 1995. 'Evans urges embassy probe into mine killings report.' AFR 7 April 1995, p.12.
Barski, Andy 1996. 'Breathtaking moments in the wetlands of Amamapare.' Jakarta Post 24 March 1996.
Barski, Andy 1996. 'Exploring the untouched rain forests of Irian Jaya.' Jakarta Post 24 March 1996. [Timika, Sheraton]
Beall, John V. 1970. 'Indonesia.' Mining Engineering August 1970, 22(8):53-55.
Beals, Ralph E. and Malcolm Gillis 1980a. 'The evolution of Indonesian hard-mineral agreements, 1967-1977.' Natural Resources Forum 4(4):341-358. [pp.344, 349: Freeport]
Beals, Ralph E. and Malcolm Gillis 1980b. 'Mineral agreements with multinational firms: tax and investment issues.' In Malcolm Gillis and Ralph E.Beals Tax and Investment Policies for Hard Minerals: public and multinational enterprises in Indonesia. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, pp.113-135.
Beanal, Thomas 1991a. Selayang pandang perkembangan masyarakat Amungme, berkaitan dengan kehadiran perusahan pertambangan tembaga, Freeport Indonesia Incorporated. 4 January 1991, Kwamki Lama. 15pp. [“A bird's eye view of the development of the Amungme community in relation to the the presence of the copper-mining company, Freeport Indonesia Inc.”]
Beanal, Thomas 1991b. A Bird's Eye View of the Development of the Amungme Community in Relation to the Copper Mining Company, Freeport Indonesia Inc. 4 January 1991, Kwamki Lama. 15pp. [Translation of Beanal (1991a).]
Beanal, Thomas 1992a. 'Environmental impact of mining activity in the Timika area and its surroundings (Irian Jaya).' Written October 1992. In PNLH Draft Report, pp.37-39.
Beanal, Thomas 1992b. A Glimpse of the Amungme Community Development in Relation to the Presence of the Copper Mining Company Freeport Indonesia Incorporated. December 1992. 18pp.
Beanal, Thomas 1993a. Speech addressed before the participants in a conference held on 14 October 1993, in Jakarta. 2pp.
Beanal, Thomas 1993b. Tanggapan atas pemberitaan Tifa Irian minggu ke IV. Oktober 1993 tentang pemerintah tetap menghargai hak masyarakat Mimika-Agimugah, oleh: Kakanwil BPN Irian Jaya. [Letter to Tifa Irian in response to an article in Tifa Irian, 4th Week, October 1993, titled "The Government continues to appreciate rights of the Mimika-Agimugah people", by Kakanwil BPN Irian Jaya.]
Beanal, Thomas 1993c. Letter to Tifa Irian in response to an article in Tifa Irian, 4th Week, October 1993, titled "The Government continues to appreciate rights of the Mimika-Agimugah people", by Kakanwil BPN Irian Jaya. 28 October 1993, Timika. 3pp. [Translation of Beanal (1993b).]
Beanal, Thomas 1995. Pernyataan Tom Beanal. Statement to PT Freeport Indonesia, 7 July 1995. 1p. [Statement by Tom Beanal.]
Beanal, Thomas 1996. Civil Action Complaint Against Freeport McMoRan, Inc and Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold, Inc. 14pp. Filed at the United States District Court, Eastern District for Louisiana by Regan, Manasseh and Boshea, PLC. 14pp.
Beanal, Thomas 1996. Address at Loyola University, New Orelans, Luoisiana, USA, 23 May 1996. Internet communication, reg.westpapua 23 June 1996.
Belshaw, Cyril 1996. Letter to Forbes. ASAONET list, 13 May 1996. [McMenamin]
Bennett, David 1992a. 'Post shakeout gold interest warms.' The Miner September 1992, pp.21, 23.
Berita Oikoumene 1981. 'Karyawan FI asal Irja minta nasibnya diperhatikan.' Berita Oikoumene Mei 1981, 61:9-10. [“Freeport Indonesia’s local Irianese employees ask that their problems be considered.”]
Bock, Ellen 1996. Undermining the Future: corporate activity, indigenous peoples and the state in the Papuan region. Paper for Post-Graduate Diploma in International Relations and Development, Institute of Social Studies, Den Haag, Netherlands. 53pp.
Bohane, Ben 1995. 'The Stone Age war on our doorstep.' SMH 30 December 1995.
Bohane, Ben 1996. 'Rebel with a cause: an Irian Jaya separatist speaks from his New Guinea hideout.' Asiaweek 9 February 1996, pp.34-35. [Kwalik]
*Bowen, Mark 1997. ‘Behind the Indonesian veil.’ Climbing (Carbondale, Colorado) 15 September - 1 November 1997, 171:90ff, 174.
BBC Monitoring Service 1993. 'PT Freeport holds 730m tonnes of copper reserves.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Antara news agency, 8 May 1993. Reuters news brief, 19 May 1993.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'BBC confirms Freeport killings.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Forest Networking news brief, 22/*23 May 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australia investigates alleged killings by Indonesian armed forces in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Reuters news brief, 31 May 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Irian Jaya villagers reportedly victimized by Free Papua Movement.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Reuters news brief, 21 July 1995. [Hoea]
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australian Ambassador raises Irian Jaya deaths.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Reuters news brief, 21 July 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australian Ambassador raises Irian Jaya deaths.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Reuters news brief, 2 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Cholera epidemic claims 22 lives in Irian Jaya.' Source: Antara News Agency, 11 August 1995. BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Reuters news brief, 14 August 1995. [Kwamki Lama]
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'NGO activists lodge complaint over human rights abuses in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Suara Pembaruan, Jakarta, 15 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 17 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Irian Jaya demonstrators stage protest in Jakarta.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 28 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 29 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Catholic church alleges May killings by troops in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 29 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 30 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Foreign Minister Evans "disturbed" by allegations of Irian Jaya killings.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 30 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 31 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australia urges Indonesia to investigate Irian Jaya killings.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 29 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 31 August 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australia presses Indonesia on Irian Jaya human rights.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 30 August 1995. Reuters news brief, 1 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Armed Forces chief promises no cover-up of Irian Jaya incidents.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 1 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 4 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Irian Jaya commander discusses insurgency and rights abuses.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Suara Pembaruan, 9 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 12 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Army chief - Irian Jaya secure; army should not be judged by Timika incident alone.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Suara Pembaruan, 13 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 15 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'USA investigating human rights abuses near Irian Jaya mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 17 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 18 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Armed forces to investigate deaths.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 16 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 18 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Army chief - no need for probe into military actions in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 25 September 1995. Reuters news brief, 25 September 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Australian Foreign Ministry report criticizes Indonesian human rights record.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 26 October 1995. Reuters news brief, 27 October 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Four soldiers arrested over deaths in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: 29 October 1995. Reuters news brief, 30 October 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Official investigation into Irian Jaya shootings to begin 1st November.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Kompas, 30 October 1995. Reuters news brief, 31 October 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'Indonesian military questions 13 soldiers over Irian Jaya deaths.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 5 November 1995. Reuters news brief, 7 November 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'President Suharto warns mining companies on environmental damage.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 5 December 1995. Reuters news brief, 6 December 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1995. 'President Suharto defends extension of operating permit for Irian Jaya mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 5 December 1995. Reuters news brief, 7 December 1995.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Prosecutor calls for jail for officer accused of human rights violations.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 9 February 1996. Reuters news brief, 12 February 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Indonesian officer jailed for human rights violations in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 15 February 1996. Reuters news brief, 16 February 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Tribal council urges fresh investigation into Irian Jaya killings.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 4 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 6 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Riot in Irian Jaya forces closure of copper mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 11 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 12 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Security forces arrest seven suspects linked to mine riots.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Antara News Agency, 12 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 14 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Armed forces "handling" riot at Irian Jaya mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Antara News Agency, 12 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 14 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Freeport mine to reopen following rioting.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 13 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 14 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Official rules out closure of disputed Freeport mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Antara News Agency, 18 March 1996. Reuters news brief, 20 March 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Mining company completing social impact report under pressure from Jakarta.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 8 April 1996. Reuters news brief, 10 April 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Twelve killed in shooting incident in Irian Jaya.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 15 April 1996. Reuters news brief, 16 April 1996. [KOPASSUS, Timika]
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Environmentalists question survey of Irian Jaya mine.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 24 April 1996. Reuters news brief, 25 April 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Freeport mine spokesman defends firm's involvement with Indonesian army.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 24 April 1996. Reuters news brief, 26 April 1996.
BBC Monitoring Service 1996. 'Irian Jaya tribal leader refiles lawsuit against US mining company.' BBC Monitoring Service: Asia-Pacific. Source: Radio Australia, 18 May 1996. Reuters news brief, 20 May 1996. [Tom Beanal]
Broek, Evelien van den 1996. 'West Papua on fire.' Pacific News Bulletin April 1996, 11(4):8-10.
Brookes, Terry 1996. 'Freeport and RTZ: complicity in crime in West Papua.' Higher Values: the Minewatch bulletin April 1996, No.8, 3pp..
Brown, Owen 1995. 'Aid group accuses Indons of Irian Jaya atrocities.' AAP News briefing, 6 April 1995.
Bryce, Robert 1995. 'Aid canceled for gold project in Indonesia.' N.Y.Times 2 November 1995. [OPIC]
Bryce, Robert 1995. 'Freeport's motherlode.' The Austin Chronicle 10 November 1995, pp.18,22.
Bryce, Robert 1995. 'Austin and Indonesia.' The Texas Observer 17 November 1995, pp.5-7.
Bryce, Robert 1995. 'Environmental liability.' The Texas Observer 17 November 1995, pp.8-9. [OPIC]
Bryce, Robert 1996. 'Struck by a golden spear.' The Guardian 17 January 1996.
Bryce, Robert 1996. 'Tribal leader, Freeport land in court: free trip to New Orleans.' Austin Chronicle 31 May 1996. [Beanal]
Budiardjo, Carmel and Liem Soei Liong 1988. West Papua: the obliteration of a people. 3rd Edition. Thornton Heath, Surrey: TAPOL. [Chapter 3: The Plunder of Resources]
Business Times 1991. 'Bakrie plans to buy Freeport stake.' Business Times (Singapore) 5 September 1991, Reuters news brief.
Business Times 1991. 'Petrokimia, Freeport in copper smelting venture.' Business Times (Singapore) 31 October 1991, Reuters news brief.
Business Times 1992. 'Government gives 3 foreign firms minerals contracts.' Business Times (Singapore) 4 January 1992, Reuters news brief.
Business Times 1992. 'Bakrie Group to merge some of its firms.' Business Times (Singapore) 30 January 1992, Reuters news brief.
Business Times 1992. 'Indon Kretek giant and owners pay most tax.' Business Times (Singapore) 5 February 1992, Reuters news brief.
Business Week 1995. 'Gold rush in New Guinea.' Business Week 20 November 1995, pp.66,68.
Business Wire 1991. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. affiliate initials new contract of work with Government of Indonesia.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 18 June 1991.
Business Wire 1991. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. operating unit signs new contract of work with Government of Indonesia.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 30 December 1991.
Business Wire 1992. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold increases ownership interst in operating subsidiary.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 23 December 1992.
Business Wire 1993. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. signs letter of intent for infrastructure program.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 25 January 1993.
Business Wire 1993. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold confirms annual production volumes despite temporary ore pass blockage.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 10 June 1993.
Business Wire 1994. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold to proceed with plans for Indonesian smelter.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 2 April 1994.
Business Wire 1994. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. completes second sale of infrastructure assets.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 7 September 1994.
Business Wire 1995. 'Stephen M.Jones named to Freeport Indonesia executive position.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 8 November 1994.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. receives Indonesian government approval of FCX/RTZ joint venture.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 31 March 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold announces update of exploration activities.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 15 May 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan spinoff to trigger changes in S&P 500, S&P Midcap 400, and S&P Smallcap 600 indices.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief,10 July 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. announces S&P 500 listing.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 12 July 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. reports second-quarter and six-months 1995 results.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 25 July 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. elects new board members and officers.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 2 August 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. commences commission-free shareholder sales plans.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 15 August 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. announces new common stock dividend policy.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 13 September 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. extends commission-free shareholder sales plans.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 15 September 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. reports third-quarter and nine-months 1995 results.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 24 October 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. announces that ticker symbol for its Class B common stock will be "FCX".' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 8 November 1995.
Business Wire 1995. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. announces increase to proved and probable reserves.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 5 December 1995.
Business Wire 1996. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold Inc. announces fourth-quarter and year-end 1995 results.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 23 January 1996.
Business Wire 1996. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold updates exploration actitivies .' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 26 February 1996.
Business Wire 1996. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold expects to resume mine/mill operations shortly .' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 13 March 1996.
Business Wire 1996. 'Freeport-McMoRan Copper and Gold resumes min/mill operations.' Business Wire. Reuters newsbrief, 14 March 1996.
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Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport environmental plans.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 25 February 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport to raise copper production by end of year.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 6 March 1995.
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Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport cuts aid for BLK.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 11 May 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Walhi sues government over mining project.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 17 May 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport to spend US$36 million on environment.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 26 May 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Stop pollution, Freeport told.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 23 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Court hears Freeport case.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 6 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Normandy new venture may seek Anglo funds.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 16 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport criticized despite its success.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 17 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Stop pollution, Freeport told.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 23 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Waste dumped in Aikwa River.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 27 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport sells plane, aviation assets.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 29 June 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Walhi makes progress in Freeport suit.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 7 July 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Environmental audit planned by Freeport.' Jakarta Post, Reuters Newsbrief, 2 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Mine workers need certification - expert.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 3 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Indocopper joins Freeport.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 3 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Work training center for Irianese.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 11 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Soeharto presents service awards to 18 companies.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 12 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Rights body to probe Timika case.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 15 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Government urged to ratify agreement against torture.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 24 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport not involved in Timika case - rights body.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 28 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Irian protesters call for probe into Timika.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 29 August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Irian youths press Govt to further probe into Timika.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 1 September August 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport commissions environmental audit.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 6 September 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Irian veterans criticize handling of Timika case.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 18 September 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Court concludes hearing of Freeport case.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 19 September 1995. [WALHI]
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Owners of polluting firms will also be announced.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 19 September 1995. [WALHI]
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Army yet to receive copy of report on Timika killings.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 25 September 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Fluor Daniel to establish firm here.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 3 October 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Military apologizes for "errors".' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 9 October 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Four soldiers arrested due to Timika shooting.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 30 October 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Official denies taking bribe.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 30 October 1995. [KomnasHAM]
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Court supports Govt's blessing of Freeport.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 31 October 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport defends record in Irian Jaya.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 1 November 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Ethics important issue among journalists.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 7 November 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Nine more questioned over Timika killings.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 15 November 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. '"ABRI not the sole violator of human rights".' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 11 November 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'President to inaugurate new Freeport town.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 2 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Soeharto in Irian Jaya to inaugurate New Town.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 5 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport told to respond to concerns.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 6 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport, Telkom signs telecoms deal.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 8 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Aurora to explore gold.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 12 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Freeport to continue investment.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 13 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1995. 'Rights body rejects call to probe Freeport.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 22 December 1995.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Three soldiers tried for killing.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 30 January 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Ambiguous orders caused Irian killing.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 31 January 1996.
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Jakarta Post 1996. 'Locals want more say on forests.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 4 March 1996. [Josefa Alomang and Bartolomeus Magal]
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Santa Fe finds oil.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 6 March 1996. [Salawati]
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Irianese backed in quest for policy change.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 6 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Astra wins first slot in 10 top firms.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 7 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Vandalism affests Freeport mining work.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 12 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Riots continue in Irian copper town.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 13 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Irian copper town calm but tense after riots.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 14 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Govt turns down PT Freeport closure.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 19 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Pilot meets tribal people.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 28 March 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport has new chief.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 1 April 1996. [Adrianto Machribie]
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport to release audit results.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 9 April 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport chief to meet Irianese over discontent.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 13 April 1996. [Moffett]
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport's lesson.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
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Jakarta Post 1996. 'Victims of Irian shooting buried with military honours.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 17 April 1996. [Timika, KOPASSUS, Freeport]
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Simple ceremony for KOPASSUS anniversary.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 17 April 1996. [Timika, KOPASSUS, Freeport]
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Jakarta Post 1996. 'Trigger-happy soldier questioned.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 15 April 1996.
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Jakarta Post 1996. 'Timika to have police office.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 20 May 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport needs to adjust approach to social issues.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 5 June 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'Is this natural beauty, rich biodiversity under threat?' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 5 June 1996.
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Jakarta Post 1996. 'Freeport never cheated Irian tribes - official.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 3 July 1996.
Jakarta Post 1996. 'New reason for Timika shooting.' Jakarta Post, Reuters news brief, 3 July 1996.
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